1. Protagonist: The story revolves around the journey of a young man named Lando Navarra. Lando is a compassionate idealist who hails from a wealthy and influential family in Manila. He is caught between the desire to fight against social injustices and the lure of the privileged lifestyle he comes from.
2. Political Intrigues: Lando gets involved in activism, working with students and laborers to resist the repressive regime of President Alipio de Guzmán. He becomes known as "the pretender" due to his political ambitions and attempts to challenge the current government.
3. Social Inequality: The novel highlights the stark contrasts in Philippine society, with a focus on the plight of the poor and marginalized sectors who struggle for survival. Lando's encounters with these communities deepen his determination to work towards social change.
4. Corruption: The pervasive nature of corruption in the government and society becomes a central issue. Lando faces obstacles due to dishonest politicians, cronyism, and the abuse of power, which hampers his efforts to bring about positive transformation.
5. Love and Sacrifice: The story also weaves a romantic thread, as Lando falls in love with a fellow activist, Aida. Their relationship underscores the sacrifices and personal challenges that come with political involvement.
6. Betrayal and Disillusionment: As Lando advances in his political career, he encounters betrayals and disillusionments. He discovers the complexities of power and the moral compromises one might need to make to navigate the political landscape.
"The Pretender" raises important questions about ethics in politics, the importance of individual action in the face of oppression, and the personal toll that fighting for social justice can take. The novel offers a nuanced exploration of Philippine politics and society, capturing both the struggles and the resilience of individuals striving for change.