* Steam locomotive: Richard Trevithick built the first full-scale railway steam locomotive in 1804.
* Spinning jenny: James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny in 1764, which revolutionized the textile industry.
* Power loom: Edmund Cartwright invented the power loom in 1785, which further automated the textile industry.
* Cotton gin: Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793, which made cotton production much more efficient.
* Telegraph: Samuel Morse invented the telegraph in 1837, which allowed for rapid long-distance communication.
* Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, which allowed for real-time voice communication over long distances.
* Electric light bulb: Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb in 1879, which revolutionized lighting.
* Automobile: Karl Benz invented the first internal combustion engine-powered automobile in 1885.
* Airplane: The Wright brothers invented the first successful airplane in 1903.
Discoveries:
* Germ theory of disease: Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch discovered the germ theory of disease in the 1860s, which led to major advances in medicine.
* Evolution by natural selection: Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution by natural selection in 1859, which revolutionized our understanding of the natural world.
* Atomic theory: John Dalton developed the atomic theory of matter in the early 1800s, which laid the foundation for modern chemistry.
* Electromagnetism: Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetism in the 1830s, which led to the development of electric motors and generators.
* Spectroscopy: Joseph von Fraunhofer developed spectroscopy in the early 1800s, which allowed scientists to study the composition of stars and other celestial objects.
* X-rays: Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X-rays in 1895, which revolutionized medical imaging.
* Radioactivity: Marie Curie discovered radioactivity in 1898, which led to the development of nuclear power and nuclear medicine.