Representation of Geographic Features: Both ancient and modern maps strive to accurately represent the location and connectivity of geographic features such as mountains, rivers, cities, and oceans. This allows users to visualize the spatial relationships and distances between different places.
Symbols and Icons: While cartographic conventions have evolved, both ancient and modern maps use symbols and icons to convey specific information. For instance, ancient maps might use a circle or dot to mark a city and a wavy line for rivers, whereas modern maps employ standardized symbols derived from historical practices.
Scale and Reference: Ancient and modern maps employ scales to indicate relative distances or proportions between places on the map. This allows users to measure and understand distances or sizes of features. Additionally, both types of maps provide references or legends to explain the symbols used.
Navigation and Orientation: Both ancient and modern maps facilitate navigation and orientation. They help users determine directions and locate themselves in relation to other geographic points or features. Early maps might use landmarks or celestial bodies as reference points, while contemporary maps often incorporate coordinate systems and compass directions.
Art and Aesthetics: Many ancient and modern maps are also works of art, reflecting cultural, historical, and aesthetic influences of their respective times. Cartographers have used various artistic techniques, such as decorative elements or elaborate borders, to enhance the visual appeal of their maps.
Evolving Technology: Although technological advancements have revolutionized cartography, there is continuity in the core principles and objectives of mapmaking. Ancient maps were produced through empirical observations, while modern maps benefit from advanced remote sensing, geographical information systems (GIS), and satellite imagery.
Cultural Significance: Both ancient and modern maps can hold significant cultural and historical value, reflecting the knowledge, beliefs, and perspectives of societies or individuals who created them. They provide insights into the geographical understanding, navigational techniques, and cultural priorities of past and present communities.