- False Witness: Lady Macbeth planted incriminating evidence at the scene of Duncan's murder to direct suspicion away from Macbeth.
- Manipulation of the Guards: She exploited their loyalty and played on their susceptibility to suggestions, leading them to believe they had committed the murder.
- Gaslighting: She psychologically tormented Macbeth, constantly reminding him of his guilt, eroding his confidence, and making him question his own sanity.