1. Fear of Abigail: Mary Warren is terrified of Abigail Williams, the ringleader of the accusations against the innocent individuals in Salem. Abigail possesses a powerful hold over the young girls involved in the witch trials, and she frequently threatens and manipulates them to maintain control. Mary fears retaliation from Abigail if she deviates from the testimonies that align with Abigail's narrative.
2. Emotional Distress: Mary Warren is deeply distraught and emotionally fragile throughout Act 3. The weight of the accusations and the mounting hysteria in the town have affected her mental state. She experiences doubts, guilt, and conflicting emotions that make her susceptible to influence and pressure.
3. Desire to Protect John Proctor: Despite the animosity between Mary and John Proctor, she harbors genuine affection for him. Witnessing the suffering and potential danger that Proctor faces due to false accusations may evoke sympathy and the desire to protect him.
4. Influence of Danforth and Hathorne: During the proceedings in Act 3, Judge Danforth and Deputy Governor Hathorne aggressively interrogate Mary Warren, attempting to extract a confession from her. They employ intimidation, threats, and persuasive arguments, which unsettle Mary and gradually break down her resolve to stick with her initial testimony.
5. Realization of the Truth: As the play progresses, Mary begins to question the validity of the accusations and experiences moments of clarity where she recognizes the unjust nature of the trials. The mounting evidence against innocent people, including Proctor, may促使her to reconsider her role and speak the truth.
6. Abigail's Manipulative Tactics: Abigail engages in manipulative behavior to maintain her power and influence over Mary. She pretends to be afflicted by spirits, causing hysteria and disruption during the court proceedings. This diversionary tactic further disorients Mary and makes it challenging for her to think rationally.
7. Influence of Reverend Hale: Reverend Hale's presence and attempts to uncover the truth provide some hope and encouragement to Mary. Hale's unwavering belief in justice and his pursuit of facts may inspire Mary to gather the courage to speak honestly and expose the false accusations.
Ultimately, Mary Warren's change in testimony is a complex interplay of fear, emotional turmoil, self-preservation, and the desire for justice. These factors culminate in her decision to deviate from the previous testimonies and reveal the truth about John Proctor and the events surrounding the witchcraft hysteria.