Who are the villains in All Quiet on Western Front?

In Erich Maria Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front, the primary antagonists are not individual villains but rather abstract forces and circumstances. The novel portrays war itself as the overarching villain, highlighting its destructive and dehumanizing effects on both soldiers and civilians. The novel highlights the futility and senselessness of war and the catastrophic impact it has on the lives of those caught in its midst.