The first step in the multitrack recording process is to record the first raw, basic tracks that will determine the song's tempo and key. Often, bands first record as a full ensemble, taking only the percussion track as a final product, so the other instruments can record along with it later to ensure accurate tempo. The track's first recordings are not meant to be final products, but to create a base which will be used in the next step.
The second step, overdubbing, is meant to correct and enhance the sound recorded in the first step. Overdubbing in a multitrack recording allows for one musician to play multiple objects, as a musician can record layers of a song one instrument at a time. Decisions on effects applied to instruments, volume and equalization are altered in overdubbing and vocal harmonies are perfected on a layer-by-layer basis by the engineer and producer.
After the recording and overdubbing of instruments and vocals, the third step, the mixdown, creates the finished product. Because the song being recorded has been assembled in many layers, one for each instrument and voice, there are many tracks that the mixdown process reduces to just two tracks, a left and right track so the track is stereo, not mono, and will produce sound in both sides of a set of speakers or headphones. Now, equalization and effects can be applied to the finished product to create a stable, consistent and well-rounded finished song.
Throughout the three-part multitrack recording process, there are two different types of mixes for musicians, producers and engineers to hear while the final product is being compiled. The first type of track mix is the multitrack mix. This mix is the sound that will eventually become the final product. Recording is done with each instrument recorded as loud as it can be without distorting the sound so when each track's volume is lowered, it is a high quality. The other type is the control room mix. This mix does not affect the multitrack mix. A separate mix for the control room allows engineers and producers to adjust levels and mute tracks so specific tracks can be heard to ensure the recording has the correct notes and style.