1. Afro-Cuban Rhythms: Subli features complex and lively Afro-Cuban rhythms that are derived from West African traditions. These rhythms are often based on intricate drum patterns known as "toques," which are rooted in the Bantu and Yoruba cultures of West Africa. The clave rhythm serves as the foundation for many Subli pieces and provides the rhythmic backbone for the music.
2. Percussion Instruments: Percussion instruments play a central role in Subli, creating a rich and captivating soundscape. The main instruments include:
- Bata drums: Double-headed talking drums that are played in sets of three. They produce deep, resonant tones and intricate rhythmic patterns.
- Bembé drums: Single-headed cylindrical drums that provide the base rhythm of Subli music.
- Congas: Cylindrical drums that are played with the hands and produce a range of high, mid, and low tones.
- Cajón: A box-shaped percussion instrument played by sitting on it and striking the face with hands.
3. Chants and Vocal Harmonies: Subli music is characterized by soulful and dynamic vocals. Singers perform call-and-response chants, often in the Lucumí language (a remnant of the Yoruba language spoken by enslaved Africans), as well as in Spanish. The vocals are often improvised, adding an element of spontaneity to the music.
4. Melodic Instruments: Melody instruments, such as guitars and tres (a Cuban guitar with three sets of strings), accompany the vocals and provide harmonic support. The melodies played on the tres often mirror the rhythms of the percussion, adding a rich texture to the music.
5. Polyrhythmic Structure: Subli music is known for its complex and polyrhythmic structure, where multiple rhythmic patterns are played simultaneously. The interaction between different percussion instruments creates a dynamic and layered soundscape that's both invigorating and captivating.
Overall, the music of Subli is characterized by its lively and intricate Afro-Cuban rhythms, soulful vocals, distinct percussion instruments, melodic layers, and polyrhythmic structure. It serves as a vibrant expression of the cultural heritage of Cuba, blending African, European, and Caribbean musical traditions.