The generic implemented data processing algorithms that provide instructions and enable the computer to carry out a task are meant to compress data, but are generally ill-equipped to work with audio files. Specialized algorithms were created to enable audio compression and decompression.
Engineers use audio compression to decrease the amount of internet bandwidth necessary to transmit audio streams. Compressing audio files saves space on computers and databases.
Compression algorithms in audio serve to reduce the redundancy of information relating to the audio file.
The drawback of compressed files is a slightly lower level of quality and transmission. Many listeners will not notice the difference, but for particular music fans and those wanting professional-level recordings, this may be a consideration.
Decompression refers to the opposite process of compression. When the audio file or broadcast is played back, the sound is temporarily restored to its original quality.
Compression and decompression are possible through a codec (or coder-decoder) on the computer. The file extensions for these codecs are the familiar WAV, MP3 and AIFF for audio files.