A shot refers to how the subject or the character is framed within the field of view: the possible area of the camera shot. Filmmakers use different kinds of shots for different effects. An extreme long shot establishes a setting and puts any people or central figures as a small part of the larger scene. A long shot shows the full bodies of characters and can indicate activity and action among characters. A medium shot focuses on a few characters, but does not show the entire body, while a close-up generally focuses on faces.
When moving from scene to scene -- a scene referring to a related sequence of shots -- filmmakers often integrate some kind of transition to indicate that the film is moving to a new setting or series of events. A straight cut is an abrupt change in scene, though the filmmaker might choose to use a particular person or object to focus on when changing scenes to create some continuity. Filmmakers also use fading to indicate the change to a a new scene.
The camera angle refers to where the camera is placed in relation to the subjects. For example, an eye-level camera generally appears to be "natural" to viewers, since viewers see the world at eye level, while a shot from above or below the characters might imply a point of view from the ground or sky. The camera angle can also indicate whose point of view the camera is in. For example, if the camera has established that a character is hiding in a sewer grate below the action, a camera shot from below might indicate that you are seeing through that character's eyes.
Filmmakers must consider how to move the camera from shot to shot when thinking about cinematography. Panning is a common technique in which a stationary camera turns to capture a character in movement. A tracking shot similarly attempts to catch subjects in motion, but the camera is actually in movement to keep up with a subject. A crane or boom shot moves vertically -- as though the camera were moving on an actual crane -- and moves above or below the scene's action.