The three lights that make up the three-point lighting technique are the key light, fill light and back light. The key light is the main light that establishes the lighting angle, providing the majority of the light on the subject. The fill light is used to increase the amount of light on the subject to illuminate or control shadows, and is often reflected off a white surface and bounced into the scene. The back light is used to provide depth by sharpening lines to create a distinction between the subject and background.
High key lighting creates the illusion of natural lighting. To create this effect, large bright lights are strategically positioned, usually higher up and aimed downward and outward. The lights often resemble the giant lights found in sports stadiums. This technique is often used in exterior shots to produce a sunlight effect.
Low key lighting promotes the use of shadows to create a darker look and feel to the scene. Small lights are aimed directly at the subject to cause a dramatic look, such as a spotlight during an interrogation scene. It can also be used to light up certain areas like a desk lamp does in a dark room. Low key lighting is most frequently used in suspense and horror films to create a creepy look and feel.
Filters come in several different colors such as red, green, yellow and blue and are used to correct the color of a scene by absorbing some of the color passed through them. Some lights, such as fluorescent, create a visible color when used in film. A color filter removes the excess color produced by lighting. Other filters include fog filters and diffusers that further enhance the appearance and mood of a scene.