Here's a breakdown of the types and their purposes:
Mineral oil:
* Most common type: Widely used due to its affordability and good dielectric properties.
* Functions:
* Insulator: Prevents short circuits by stopping current flow between energized parts.
* Coolant: Transfers heat generated by the transformer core and windings to the surrounding environment.
* Protection: Helps protect against moisture and other contaminants.
Synthetic ester fluid:
* Environmentally friendly alternative: Biodegradable and non-toxic, making it a better option for environmental concerns.
* Improved performance: Higher flash point (temperature at which it ignites) compared to mineral oil, making it safer in high-temperature applications.
* Lower viscosity: Allows for better cooling efficiency.
Other types (less common):
* Silicone fluids: High-temperature performance and good dielectric strength.
* Vegetable-based fluids: Biodegradable and sustainable, but may require special handling.
Choosing the right liquid depends on factors like:
* Transformer size and voltage: Higher voltage requires better insulation.
* Environmental regulations: Biodegradable fluids may be mandated in certain areas.
* Operating temperature: High-temperature applications require fluids with higher flash points.
Regardless of the type, the liquid in transformers plays a crucial role in their operation and safety.