Here's a breakdown of the reasons behind Ruskin's critique:
* Artistic Principles: Ruskin, a staunch defender of the Pre-Raphaelite movement, believed in meticulous realism and detailed representation. He saw Impressionism as a departure from this and a rejection of traditional artistic values. Whistler's abstract and evocative style, focusing on light, atmosphere, and mood, contradicted Ruskin's ideals.
* Misunderstanding of the Work: It is possible that Ruskin did not fully grasp the intention behind Whistler's "Nocturne" series. His critique implies a literal interpretation of the work, missing the symbolic and atmospheric qualities that Whistler aimed to capture.
* Personal Grudge: Some argue that Ruskin's criticism stemmed from personal animosity towards Whistler. They had a prior encounter at a Royal Academy exhibition where Whistler's work was harshly criticized, further fueling the tension between them.
* Public Controversy: Ruskin's critique, published in a widely read newspaper, sparked a public outcry and contributed to the controversy surrounding Impressionism at the time. This controversy played a significant role in shaping the artistic discourse of the late 19th century.
In the end, Ruskin's criticism, although harsh and misguided, inadvertently helped to elevate Whistler's status as a groundbreaking artist. The public attention it generated ultimately contributed to the recognition and acceptance of Impressionism as a valid art form.