Based on their rigidity:
* Rigid cystoscopes: These are the classic cystoscopes, made of rigid metal tubes with a lens at the tip. They provide a clear, magnified view and are ideal for procedures requiring precision, such as biopsies or surgery. They are also often used for diagnosing urinary tract infections and bladder cancer.
* Flexible cystoscopes: These are more flexible than rigid cystoscopes, allowing them to navigate the urethra and bladder with greater ease. They are particularly useful for examining the bladder and urethra in patients with anatomical variations or for procedures that require navigating tight spaces.
* Semi-rigid cystoscopes: These offer a compromise between rigidity and flexibility, providing a balance between precision and maneuverability.
Based on the type of imaging used:
* Standard cystoscopes: These use a simple lens system to provide a direct view of the bladder and urethra.
* Digital cystoscopes: These use a digital camera and monitor to provide a magnified, high-resolution image. This allows for easier viewing and documentation of findings.
* Video cystoscopes: These use a video camera and monitor to provide a live, real-time view of the bladder and urethra. This allows for better visualization and communication during procedures.
Based on their intended purpose:
* Diagnostic cystoscopes: These are used primarily for examining the bladder and urethra to diagnose conditions like urinary tract infections, bladder stones, and bladder cancer.
* Operative cystoscopes: These are designed for performing procedures like bladder biopsies, tumor resections, and stent placement.
* Urethroscopic cystoscopes: These are specifically designed to examine the urethra and are used for diagnosing and treating urethral strictures and other urethral conditions.
Additional features:
* Cystoscopes with irrigation channels: These allow for the introduction of fluids into the bladder during procedures.
* Cystoscopes with working channels: These allow for the insertion of instruments like biopsy forceps or a laser fiber for surgical procedures.
The type of cystoscope used will depend on the specific situation, the patient's anatomy, and the procedure being performed. Your doctor will choose the best option based on your individual needs.