1. Use of Language: Shakespeare used different levels of language to differentiate between the social classes. The nobility spoke in refined and eloquent language, using complex vocabulary and syntax. In contrast, the lower classes used simpler language with informal grammar and colloquial expressions.
2. Characterization: Shakespeare portrayed members of the nobility as having refined manners, intellectual pursuits, and a sense of decorum. They were often educated, well-spoken, and interested in art, music, and literature. In contrast, members of the lower classes were often depicted as illiterate, crude, and lacking in social graces.
3. Social Interactions: Shakespeare's plays often highlighted the interactions and conflicts between the different social classes. The nobility often looked down on the lower classes, considering them inferior and unworthy of their attention. The lower classes, in turn, might resent the privileges and wealth of the nobility.
4. Themes and Plots: Shakespeare explored themes related to social class and class conflict in many of his plays. For example, in works such as "Romeo and Juliet," "The Merchant of Venice," and "King Lear," he depicted the consequences of disregarding or transgressing social boundaries and the struggles faced by individuals from different classes who fall in love or conflict with each other.
5. Stereotypes and Caricatures: Shakespeare also employed stereotypes and caricatures to distinguish between the social classes. For instance, he often portrayed upper-class characters as intelligent and witty, while lower-class characters might be depicted as ignorant and foolish.
By using these techniques, Shakespeare created a vivid and nuanced portrayal of the social hierarchy and class distinctions of his time, offering insights into the social, cultural, and political dynamics of Elizabethan England.