1. Creation and Destruction: Fire is closely linked to the creation and destruction of life. In the novel, Victor Frankenstein creates his creature using an electrical experiment that involves sparks of fire. This process mimics the divine act of creation, but with disastrous consequences. Fire, therefore, represents both the potential for creation and the destructive power that comes with it.
2. Prometheus Myth: The story of Frankenstein parallels the myth of Prometheus, who stole fire from the gods to give to humanity. In the novel, Victor plays a similar role by defying natural boundaries to create life. Just as Prometheus's gift of fire brought both benefits and punishments, Victor's creation of the monster leads to tragic consequences.
3. Enlightenment and Knowledge: Fire can be seen as a metaphor for the pursuit of knowledge and the Enlightenment ideals that were prevalent during Shelley's time. However, the novel highlights the dangers of seeking knowledge without understanding the potential consequences, much like how fire can be both illuminating and destructive.
4. Light and Darkness: Fire provides light, dispelling darkness and illuminating the world. This symbolism is reflected in the way the creature gains consciousness and experiences the world through the light of fire. However, the creature is also associated with darkness, representing the hidden or repressed aspects of human nature.
5. Purification: Fire is often associated with purification and transformation. In the story, the creature seeks warmth and acceptance from fire, hoping it will cleanse him from the pain and rejection he faces. The desire to be purified or to find peace through fire becomes a recurring theme.
Overall, fire in Frankenstein symbolizes the complexities of human nature, the quest for knowledge, and the transformative power of both creation and destruction. Its presence throughout the novel adds depth to the themes and enhances the tragic narrative of the creature.