Research the book and the author. Knowledge about the background and context of the book and author provides helpful insights and details into the book that may not be obvious.
Pay close attention to the details and content of the book as you read it. Different techniques and methods are helpful in digesting and reflecting on the book. Read each paragraph twice. Make an outline of the major plot, storyline or events. Make a list of the primary characters and places. Write a short synopsis of each chapter.
Write an outline for your talk or discussion. One of the goals is to summarize the essential core of the book in an interesting and concise fashion. Summarize the major points or plot of the book in one or two sentences. Select themes or topics from the book that you want to emphasize. In addition to the content, discuss the tone and style of the book.
Respect other people's points of view and interpretations. Avoid monopolizing the conversation if you are discussing the book in a book club. Even if you are the leader of the club, you should facilitate the conversation rather than dominate it. One of the advantages of a book club is that various and multiple interpretations make it possible to appreciate the book from a variety of angles and perspectives.