Here are a few elements in the story that contribute to the intended atmosphere:
1. Setting:
- Poe sets the story in a cold and dark cellar, emphasizing the isolation and claustrophobia of the environment.
2. Pacing:
- The story's pacing slowly builds tension as Montresor leads Fortunato deeper into the catacombs, instilling a sense of impending doom.
3. Symbolism:
- The cask of Amontillado itself becomes a symbol of the impending danger and destruction that awaits Fortunato.
4. Irony:
- The use of irony adds to the unsettling nature of the story. For example, Fortunato ironically remarks, "I shall not die of a cough," moments before he falls victim to Montresor's plot.
5. Unreliable Narrator:
- Montresor's unreliability as a narrator adds to the uncertainty and makes readers question the true motives behind his actions, creating an atmosphere of distrust and doubt.
6. Psychological Horror:
- Poe explores the dark and twisted aspects of human nature, particularly the themes of obsession, revenge, and the capacity for cruelty. This psychological exploration enhances the sense of horror in the story.
7. Foreshadowing:
- Poe skillfully uses foreshadowing to hint at the sinister fate that awaits Fortunato, creating a sense of dread and anticipation in the reader's mind.
By blending these elements, Poe creates a deeply unsettling and suspenseful atmosphere in "The Cask of Amontillado," leaving readers feeling disturbed and unsettled long after finishing the story.