SML consists of a set of simple instructions that can be executed by the Simpletron computer. These instructions include basic operations like arithmetic, data transfer, and branching, as well as input and output operations. Each SML instruction is represented by a unique opcode, which is a numeric code that the Simpletron understands and interprets during program execution.
Here are some of the common SML instructions:
- READ: Reads a value from the input device (usually the keyboard) and stores it in a specified memory location.
- WRITE: Prints the value stored in a specified memory location to the output device (usually the screen).
- ADD: Adds the value in one memory location to the value in another memory location and stores the result in a third memory location.
- SUB: Subtracts the value in one memory location from the value in another memory location and stores the result in a third memory location.
- MUL: Multiplies the value in one memory location by the value in another memory location and stores the result in a third memory location.
- DIV: Divides the value in one memory location by the value in another memory location and stores the result in a third memory location.
- BRAN: Branches (jumps) to a specified memory location, allowing the program to execute a different set of instructions.
- END: Terminates the execution of the program and returns control to the operating system.
SML programs consist of a series of these instructions, which are stored in the Simpletron's memory. To execute a program, the Simpletron reads each instruction, decodes the opcode, and performs the corresponding operation. This process continues until the END instruction is encountered, indicating the end of the program.
Simpletron Machine Language plays an important role in teaching programming concepts and computer architecture. By working with SML and the Simpletron computer, beginners can gain insights into the fundamental operations performed by computers and develop a better understanding of how programs are executed and data is processed within a computing system. The simplicity of SML makes it an accessible and effective tool for learning the foundational principles of programming and computation, which can be applied to learning more advanced programming languages and computer science topics.