The structure of a da capo aria is as follows:
- Section A: The first section of the aria is typically a slow and lyrical melody. It is often in a major key and features a simple, flowing melody.
- Section B: The second section of the aria is typically a more contrasting section. It is often in a minor key and features a more agitated melody.
- Section A (da capo): The first section of the aria is repeated after the second section. This repetition is often indicated by the instruction "da capo" or "D.C." in the score.
The da capo aria provided a framework for the solo singer to demonstrate their vocal and technical skills. The contrasting B section allowed the singer to show their ability to convey different emotions and to explore different vocal colors and textures. The repetition of the A section allowed the singer to bring the aria to a satisfying and conclusive ending.
The da capo aria was used extensively by composers such as Handel, Bach, and Vivaldi. It remained a popular form of aria throughout the Baroque era, and was eventually replaced by the more varied and dramatic forms of aria found in the Classical and Romantic eras.