- Overall structure: The translator needs to decide how best to organize the translated text, considering factors such as the target audience, the purpose of the text, and the cultural context of the target language. This may involve rearranging the order of sections or paragraphs, adding or removing headings or subheadings, or changing the overall structure of the text to make it more comprehensible or effective for the target audience.
- Sentence structure: The translator needs to decide how to translate the sentence structure of the original text, considering factors such as the grammatical rules of the target language, the readability of the text, and the desired tone. This may involve changing the order of words or phrases, adding or removing conjunctions or punctuation marks, or restructuring sentences to make them more idiomatic or符合目标语言的习惯用法.
- Word choice: The translator needs to select the most appropriate words and phrases to convey the meaning of the original text, considering factors such as the context of the text, the connotations of words, and the cultural nuances of the target language. This may involve using different words or phrases to express the same idea, finding equivalent terms for cultural-specific concepts, or adapting the language to suit the target audience's level of understanding or expertise.
- Cultural adaptation: The translator may need to adapt the cultural references or allusions in the original text to make them more accessible or relevant to the target audience. This may involve explaining or defining cultural concepts, replacing culturally-specific references with more universal ones, or adapting the language to reflect the cultural context of the target language.
- Tone and style: The translator needs to capture the tone and style of the original text while making sure that the translated text sounds natural and appropriate for the target language and audience. This may involve adjusting the formality or informality of the language, using different vocabulary or expressions to convey the same idea, or changing the tone of the text to make it more persuasive, humorous, or informative.