1. Interphase: This is the period of growth and preparation for cell division. It's further divided into three subphases:
* G1 Phase (First Gap): The cell grows, produces proteins and organelles, and carries out its normal functions.
* S Phase (Synthesis): The cell replicates its DNA, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete copy.
* G2 Phase (Second Gap): The cell continues to grow, produces more proteins, and prepares for mitosis (or meiosis).
2. Mitotic (or Meiotic) Phase: This is the phase where the cell divides.
* Mitosis: Involves the division of the nucleus and cytoplasm, producing two identical daughter cells.
* Meiosis: Involves two rounds of cell division, producing four genetically diverse daughter cells (for sexual reproduction).
The cell cycle is a continuous process, with the end of one cycle marking the start of the next. This cycle ensures the growth and development of organisms and the repair of damaged tissues.
Here's a simplified summary:
1. Cell grows and copies its DNA (Interphase).
2. Cell divides its nucleus and cytoplasm (Mitosis or Meiosis).
3. Two (or four) new cells are formed, and the cycle starts again.
It's important to remember that not all cells continuously cycle. Some cells, like neurons, enter a resting state called G0 where they don't divide.