1. Praying: Men participate in communal prayers, which are led by a rabbi or cantor. These prayers include the Amidah, the central prayer of the Jewish liturgy, as well as other prayers and blessings.
2. Torah Reading: During Shabbat morning services, the Torah, the sacred Jewish text, is read aloud by a designated person, often a member of the congregation. Men are called up to the Torah to recite blessings before and after the reading. This honor is called an "aliyah."
3. Wearing Tallit and Tefillin: Many men wear a tallit, a prayer shawl, and tefillin, leather boxes containing Torah verses, during Shabbat prayers. The tallit is wrapped around the body, while the tefillin are placed on the arm and forehead.
4. Singing and Responding: Men actively participate in the singing of hymns, psalms, and prayers during the service. They may also respond to the prayers and blessings with traditional responses such as "Amen" and "Baruch HaShem" (Blessed be the Name).
5. Learning and Discussion: Shabbat is also a time for learning and spiritual reflection. Men may engage in discussions related to Jewish teachings, ethics, and the weekly Torah portion.
6. Kiddush: After the conclusion of the morning service, men participate in the Kiddush, a ritual blessing over wine or grape juice. This marks the beginning of the Shabbat meal.
7. Havdalah: At the end of Shabbat, men participate in the Havdalah ceremony, which marks the transition from the sanctity of Shabbat to the regular weekday routine. This involves reciting special blessings over wine, spices, and a braided candle.