1. Classical Conditioning: This involves associating a neutral stimulus (e.g. a tone) with a significant (reflexive) stimulus (e.g. food) so that the neutral stimulus starts to trigger the same response as the significant stimulus.
2. Operant Conditioning: This is also called instrumental conditioning and involves reinforcing (or punishing) behavior to increase (or decrease) its likelihood in the future.
3. Observational Learning (Social Learning): This is learning that happens by watching, imitating, and observing others.