1. Imagery and Symbolism:
- Shakespeare uses vivid imagery and symbolism to evoke a sense of horror and unnaturalness surrounding Duncan's murder. The imagery associated with the murder is often dark, bloody, and grotesque, evoking a sense of revulsion and disgust in the audience.
2. Contrast and Juxtaposition:
- Shakespeare juxtaposes the innocence and vulnerability of Duncan with the brutality and treachery of his murder to heighten the sense of monstrosity. The contrast between Duncan's peaceful slumber and the violent act of murder emphasizes the depravity of the crime.
3. Supernatural Elements:
- Shakespeare introduces supernatural elements such as the witches' prophecies and the ghost of Banquo to create an atmosphere of unease and otherworldly influence surrounding the murder. The presence of these supernatural forces suggests that the murder is not just a human act but something more sinister and beyond normal comprehension.
4. Macbeth's Internal Conflict:
- Shakespeare portrays Macbeth's internal struggle and moral descent as he grapples with his ambition and guilt after committing the murder. This inner turmoil exacerbates the horror of the crime and conveys the psychological toll it takes on Macbeth, further emphasizing the monstrosity of his actions.
5. Characterization of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth:
- Shakespeare's characterization of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth adds depth and complexity to the portrayal of their crime. Macbeth's descent into madness and Lady Macbeth's guilt-ridden state illustrate the devastating consequences of their actions, showcasing the monstrous transformation they undergo.
6. Audience Reaction and Emotional Manipulation:
- Shakespeare manipulates the emotions of the audience by building tension, suspense, and shock surrounding the murder. The reactions of the characters and the audience's visceral responses to the crime enhance the sense of its monstrosity.
By employing these techniques, Shakespeare successfully constructs a narrative that portrays Duncan's murder as a heinous and monstrous act, leaving a lasting impact on the audience's perception of the characters and events in the play.