Fear and Social Pressure:
Fear pervades the community, and Proctor is no exception. He fears for the safety of his wife, Elizabeth, who has been accused of witchcraft. The social pressure to conform and avoid being labeled an outsider is immense, compelling Proctor to hesitate in fully resisting the accusations.
Limited Support:
Proctor lacks a strong network of allies who could support and protect him. His friends, such as Giles Corey and Francis Nurse, are also targeted, further weakening his position. The town's leaders, particularly Judge Danforth, remain steadfast in their belief in the witch trials, making it difficult for Proctor to challenge the authorities effectively.
Betrayal and Isolation:
Proctor is betrayed by Abigail Williams, with whom he had a past affair. Abigail's false testimony against him and his wife deepens the suspicion surrounding him and isolates him from the community. His attempt to expose the truth is met with disbelief and hostility, leaving him alone in his struggle.
Legal System Injustice:
The legal system in Salem is corrupt and unjust. Proctor discovers that the accused witches have no rights and are presumed guilty without concrete evidence. Despite presenting proof that Abigail is lying, the court dismisses his arguments, highlighting the futility of his efforts to seek justice.
Moral Dilemma:
Proctor faces a moral dilemma when he is offered a chance to save his life by confessing to witchcraft. He wrestles with the conflict between his integrity and the desire to protect his family. Choosing to maintain his honor, he refuses to confess, even though it means accepting his fate.
In conclusion, John Proctor's powerlessness at the end of "The Crucible" stems from the pervasive fear, social pressure, lack of support, betrayal, an unjust legal system, and a moral dilemma. These factors collectively contribute to his inability to effectively resist the forces that ultimately lead to his downfall.