* Fate: All three characters are doomed to a tragic fate. Batman is orphaned as a child and becomes a vigilante to fight crime, which ultimately leads to his downfall. Oedipus is cursed by the gods to kill his father and marry his mother, and despite his attempts to escape his fate, he ultimately fulfills the prophecy. Macbeth is driven by his ambition to be king, which leads him to commit murder and engage in other evil deeds, ultimately resulting in his downfall.
* Hamartia: All three characters have a fatal flaw, or hamartia, which leads to their downfall. Batman is driven by his obsession with justice, which can sometimes lead him to ignore his own personal life and cause him to take risks that endanger his life. Oedipus is too proud and self-confident, which leads him to make decisions that have disastrous consequences. Macbeth is too ambitious and ruthless, which leads him to commit heinous crimes and alienates his friends and allies.
* Catharsis: All three characters experience catharsis, or emotional release, as they come to terms with their fate. Batman realizes that his obsession with justice has come at the expense of his own personal life, and he learns to balance his desire for justice with his own need for happiness. Oedipus comes to understand the truth of his parentage, and despite the pain of this realization, he finds peace in accepting his fate. Macbeth is horrified by the consequences of his actions and ultimately repents for his sins, experiencing a moment of redemption before his death.
Overall, Batman, Oedipus, and Macbeth are all tragic heroes who share several common traits, including fate, hamartia, and catharsis. These shared traits contribute to the depth and complexity of these characters and make them relatable to audiences across cultures and time.