1. Early Modern English Dialects: The English language during Shakespeare's time was a melting pot of different dialects. Shakespeare had access to these dialects through his travel, interactions, and readings. He incorporated words from various regions, merging them into his creative literary works.
2. Latin: Shakespeare had some exposure to Latin through his education. Some Latin terms found their way into his writing, such as "et tu, Brute" and "veni, vidi, vici."
3. English Renaissance Literature: The Renaissance period saw a revival of interest in classical Greek and Roman literature. Translations and adaptations of these ancient works introduced new words into the English language. Shakespeare absorbed these words and references in his plays and sonnets.
4. Specialized Language of Different Fields: Shakespeare's language reflects his knowledge of legal terms, medical concepts, botanical names, hunting terminology, and nautical words. This diverse vocabulary is evident throughout his plays.
5. Coinages and Neologisms: Shakespeare is credited with coining or altering existing words to create unique expressions. Words such as "swagger," "laughable," "eyeball," and "lackluster" are attributed to him.
6. Contemporary Events: Shakespeare's observations of current affairs and the political climate of his time contributed to his vocabulary. He included contemporary expressions, terms related to warfare and diplomacy, and even satirical references to historical figures.
7. Common Folklore and Proverbs: Shakespeare drew upon traditional folk wisdom and proverbs that were popular during his era. These expressions enriched his plays and added colloquial charm.
8. Classical Mythology and Literature: Shakespeare's familiarity with classical mythology and the works of ancient Greek and Roman writers allowed him to incorporate their names, stories, and allusions into his own literature.
Shakespeare's language reflects his keen observation, literary knowledge, and creative genius, which he drew from a wide range of sources to create works that have remained influential and captivating for centuries.