It is a form of vocal improvisation that is characteristic of many traditional musical genres, including African, Caribbean, and African-American music, as well as certain genres of folk and religious music.
In these genres, the lead singer, or 'caller', sings a melody or short phrase, and the group responds in unison or in harmony.
This format creates a dynamic exchange between the leader and the group, allowing for spontaneous and creative interaction among the singers.
Example:
- Caller: "Oh, when the saints go marching in"
- Responders: "Oh, when the saints go marching in"
- Caller: "I want to be in that number"
- Responders: "I want to be in that number"