One type of monitor speaker is the passive or unpowered monitor speaker. Unpowered monitors rely on a power amp to receive power. Many studios already own power amps, so buying unpowered monitors can be a cost-effective strategy for a studio to explore. There are, unfortunately, a few downfalls. Setting up the monitor and power amp requires more time and cables, which is sometimes confusing and cluttering. There is also an issue with cooling. Most power amps need to have empty air in front and back to ensure proper air flow is reaching the power amp to keep it cool. Not doing so will not only damage the power amp, but also the monitor speakers.
Another option to consider for your monitor speakers involves active or powered monitors. The benefit of buying active or powered monitors is that you will not have to worry about power amps, cables or cooling issues. The downside is that, because they do not need power amps or cables, powered monitors often cost more and, depending on your financial situation, they might not fit your budget.
As with most technology, there is often some gray area when it comes to weighing the pros and cons of spending the most money on something or bargaining on something cheaper. With monitor speakers, powered and unpowered, most recording studios suggest to work around your budget. If you plan to mix and master in your studio, choosing the higher-priced monitors will allow you faster mixing and mastering sessions because those monitors are more precise. If you have a smaller budget, choosing less-expensive monitors is fine. Keep in mind, though, they are less accurate in delivering separation between low, middle and high frequencies.