- Sustained notes: these are notes that are played at a constant pitch and volume. They can be created by blowing air across the embouchure hole of the flute.
- Vibrato: this is a slight variation in pitch that is created by oscillating the air stream. Vibrato can be added to sustained notes or used to create a more expressive sound.
- Trills: these are rapid alternations between two notes. Trills are often used to add ornamentation to a melody.
- Glissandos: these are smooth slides from one pitch to another. Glissandos can be created by gradually changing the position of the player's fingers on the keys.
- Flutter tonguing: this is a technique that produces a rolling or trilling sound. It is created by rapidly vibrating the tongue against the roof of the mouth.
- Spit tones: these are high-pitched sounds that are created by spitting into the flute. Spit tones are often used for special effects.
- Key clicks: these are sounds that are created when the keys of the flute are pressed or released. Key clicks can be used to add rhythmic interest to a piece of music.
The sound of a flute can vary depending on the type of flute being played, the materials used to make the flute, and the player's technique.