Each trumpet valve is designed to extend the length of the tubing by varying amounts. When a valve is pressed down, it diverts the airflow through an additional length of tubing, causing the pitch to lower.
Here's a closer look at the trumpet valves and their functions:
1. First Valve (closest to the player's hand): This valve is also called the "Bb valve" or "semitone valve." When pressed, it extends the tubing's length the most, lowering the pitch by one whole step (two semitones). This is the valve that produces the lowest notes on the trumpet.
2. Second Valve: Often referred to as the "F valve," the second valve lowers the pitch by a half step (one semitone) when pressed. This valve adds a slightly shorter amount of tubing compared to the first valve, resulting in a less dramatic pitch change.
3. Third Valve: The third valve, sometimes known as the "D valve," lowers the pitch by a step and a half (three semitones). It adds an even shorter length of tubing compared to the second valve, allowing for precise tuning and control over higher notes.
The combination of these three valves and the player's manipulation of lip tension and embouchure enables trumpet players to produce a wide range of pitches and notes across multiple octaves. The proper technique of pressing the valves accurately and quickly is crucial for precise intonation and clear tone production on the trumpet.