When you blow into the flute, you create a stream of air that travels through the instrument and interacts with the holes. The holes act as obstacles that disrupt the flow of air, causing it to vibrate. These vibrations create sound waves that travel through the air and are perceived by our ears as musical notes.
The specific note that is produced depends on the size and placement of the holes. Smaller holes produce higher notes, while larger holes produce lower notes. The closer a hole is to the mouthpiece, the higher the note it will produce.
By carefully controlling the air pressure and the placement of their fingers, flute players can produce a wide range of notes and create beautiful melodies.