Allegro is the first movement of a sonata. It is typically quick and lively in tempo, and often begins with a strong initial statement of the main theme. The allegro movement often features a contrasting second theme as well, which is then developed and repeated in various forms throughout the movement.
II. Adagio
The adagio is the second movement of a sonata. It is typically slow and lyrical in tempo, and often provides a contrast to the faster-paced allegro movement. The adagio movement may also feature a contrasting second theme, but it is often less developed than in the allegro movement.
III. Menuetto
The minuet or scherzo is the third movement of a sonata. It is typically a light, graceful dance-like movement, often in a ternary form with a contrasting trio section. The minuet movement may be followed by a repeat of the trio section, or it may be followed by a coda.
IV. Allegro/Presto
The fourth movement of a sonata is typically a return to the faster tempo of the first movement, although in some cases it may even be faster than the first movement. The final movement often presents a restatement of the themes from the first movement, as well as new material.