1. Bilateral Salpingectomy:
This method involves the complete removal of a portion of each fallopian tube. This is considered the most effective form of tubal ligation and is usually performed laparoscopically through small incisions in the abdomen.
2. Fimbriectomy:
Fimbriectomy refers to the removal of the fimbriae, which are finger-like projections located at the ends of the fallopian tubes. This prevents the eggs from being picked up by the fallopian tubes during ovulation.
3. Cauterization:
Cauterization is a technique where the fallopian tubes are sealed using an electric current or heat to create scar tissue. This prevents the passage of eggs and sperm.
4. Banding or Ringing:
This method involves placing a band, clip, or ring around each fallopian tube to block the passage of eggs and sperm. The fallopian tubes are not cut, but rather obstructed by these devices.
5. Injection Techniques:
There are non-surgical injection techniques, such as the Essure procedure or the Adiana device, which involve inserting implants into the fallopian tubes to create a barrier that blocks the passage of eggs. These techniques are less commonly performed compared to the surgical methods mentioned above.
6. Ligation with Sutures:
In this technique, the fallopian tubes are cut and sealed using sutures (stitches) to prevent the reconnection of the tubes.
The choice of tubal ligation method is typically made by the healthcare provider in consultation with the individual based on factors such as medical history, preferences, and the level of permanent birth control desired.