a. A double manual harpsichord has two keyboards each with its own set of strings. This allows the performer to play with two different timbres or sounds by switching between the keyboards.
b. Typically, one manual is set at 8' pitch, while the other is at 4' pitch, allowing for a brighter, more percussive sound to be paired with a mellower, warmer tone.
2. Dynamic Control:
a. The possibility of dynamically controlling two manuals independently enables the harpsichordist to achieve varied textures, dynamics, and articulation.
b. One hand can play a melody on one manual while the other provides accompaniment or counterpoint on the other manual, creating a richer, more expressive performance.
3. Manual Couplers:
a. Some double manual harpsichords have manual couplers, which allow both keyboards to be played simultaneously with a single touch. This expands the sonic palette and allows for performances that require fuller, more powerful sounds.
4. Registration Changes:
a. With two keyboards, the performer has the ability to quickly change registration (combination of stops) by switching manuals instead of manually pulling stop knobs, minimizing interruptions in the performance.
5. Polyphonic Independence:
a. Due to the two manuals having mechanically independent actions and strings, polyphonic (multiple notes played together) passages can be performed more effectively, reducing the chance of accidental blurring or unwanted resonance between adjacent strings.
6. Expanded Repertoire:
a. The increased capabilities of a double manual harpsichord opened up the possibility for composers to write more complex and demanding music specifically tailored to this instrument.
b. Notable composers like Francois Couperin, Jean-Philippe Rameau, and Johann Sebastian Bach explored the expanded possibilities and enriched the harpsichord repertoire.
In conclusion, a double manual harpsichord offers versatility in timbre, dynamic control, registration changes, polyphonic independence, and the ability to play couplers, contributing to a broader palette of expressive possibilities compared to a single manual harpsichord. This enhanced instrument played a crucial role in shaping the baroque musical landscape.