1. Embouchure. The embouchure is the way the player's lips and mouth are positioned on the reed. By changing the embouchure, the player can change the pitch of the note being played. A tighter embouchure will produce a higher pitch, while a looser embouchure will produce a lower pitch.
2. Reed. The reed is a thin piece of wood that vibrates when the player blows air across it. The stiffness of the reed affects the pitch of the note being played. A stiffer reed will produce a higher pitch, while a softer reed will produce a lower pitch.
3. Octave key. The octave key is a key that, when pressed, opens an additional hole in the oboe's body. This hole changes the length of the oboe's air column, which in turn changes the pitch of the note being played. The octave key can be used to raise the pitch of a note by one octave.