Clavichord:
- Action: The clavichord uses a simple "tangent" action. When a key is pressed, a small metal blade (called the tangent) rises and strikes the string at a right angle, causing it to vibrate. The tangent remains in contact with the string, allowing the player to control the dynamics and sustain of the notes by varying the pressure on the key.
- Sound: The strings are plucked by the tangents, producing a soft and delicate sound that is unique to the clavichord. The dynamic range of the clavichord is relatively limited, with a narrow range of volume and expression.
Harpsichord:
- Action: The harpsichord employs a "plucking" action. When a key is pressed, a small quill (made from a bird feather) plucks the string, causing it to vibrate. Unlike the clavichord, the quill immediately releases the string after plucking, giving the harpsichord a characteristic bright, twangy sound.
- Sound: The harpsichord produces a louder and more sustained sound compared to the clavichord. It offers a wider dynamic range, allowing for greater variety in volume and expression. Additionally, the harpsichord has multiple stops that engage different sets of strings, providing different timbres and tonal variations.
In summary, while both the clavichord and harpsichord are keyboard instruments, they differ in their action mechanisms and sound characteristics. The clavichord is known for its soft and expressive touch, while the harpsichord offers a brighter, more resonant sound with greater dynamic range and tonal versatility.