The work is scored for solo piano, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns and strings.
The concerto's key of A major is relatively rare for a Mozart piano concerto (he composed more in the key of C than in any other), and perhaps because of its brightness, the key was favored for his concert rondos.
The autograph manuscript shows that the concerto was originally in D major (Köchel's K. 491), then in D flat (Köchel's K. 491a) and finally in A (Köchel's K. 488).
The orchestra begins the concerto with a brief introduction in sonata form. The development section modulates briefly to A minor before returning to A major. The second movement is in ternary (ABA) form, and the third is a rondo in sonata form with a brief cadenza leading to the coda.