1. Body:
- Top Plate (Soundboard): Made of fine-grained spruce, responsible for transmitting the vibrations of the strings into sound.
- Back Plate: Typically crafted from maple wood, adds resonance and depth to the violin's tone.
- Ribs: Curved wooden components that connect the top and back plates.
2. Sound Post: A wooden dowel positioned inside the violin between the top and back plates to enhance sound transmission.
3. Bridge: Made of maple or ebony, the bridge sits on the top plate and supports the strings while transmitting their vibrations to the body.
4. Fingerboard: Typically made of ebony, positioned just below the strings, where the fingers of the left hand press to create different pitches.
5. Neck: Connects the body to the scroll and provides support for the strings. Usually made of a single piece of maple.
6. Scroll: The ornamental top of the violin's neck, often intricately carved and usually made of the same wood as the body.
7. Pegs: Wooden pegs at the scroll used to tune the strings by winding them to adjust the string's tension.
8. Chin Rest: Attached to the violin's body to provide comfort and placement for the player's chin.
9. End Button: A small wooden piece at the bottom of the instrument where the strings attach.
10. Strings: Typically four strings tuned in fifths (G, D, A, E), usually made of nylon or metal to create different pitches.
11. Tailpiece: Wooden component attached to the end button, where the other ends of the strings loop on, and fine tuners for precise pitch adjustment.
12. Bow: Made of wood, with horsehair stretched between the tip and frog. The hair is rosined to create friction when drawn across the strings, producing sound.
These components work together to create the violin's distinctive and melodious sound. Each part has its specific role in contributing to the violin's tone, playability, and overall construction.