1. Search and Destroy:
- US: The US military often used search and destroy operations to locate and eliminate Viet Cong bases and troops. Large ground forces, supported by artillery, air power, and helicopter mobility, would sweep through designated areas, engaging in combat and destroying enemy positions.
- Viet Cong: The Viet Cong used guerrilla tactics to avoid direct confrontation in large-scale battles. They often concealed themselves among the civilian population, making it difficult for US forces to distinguish between combatants and non-combatants.
2. Ambushes:
- US: US troops sometimes set up ambushes to surprise and attack Viet Cong units. They would establish concealed positions along likely enemy routes and wait for an opportunity to strike.
- Viet Cong: The Viet Cong were masters of ambushes, using their knowledge of the terrain to their advantage. They would lure US units into well-prepared kill zones, where they inflicted heavy casualties.
3. Booby Traps:
- US: The US military used booby traps to protect their positions and deter Viet Cong movement. These traps consisted of hidden explosives or other dangerous devices that could be triggered by unsuspecting individuals.
- Viet Cong: The Viet Cong also made extensive use of booby traps, often constructing intricate systems of traps to hinder US patrols and cause casualties.
4. Artillery and Airpower:
- US: The US had overwhelming superiority in artillery and airpower, which it used extensively to support ground operations. Artillery barrages and airstrikes were often employed to soften enemy targets before infantry assaults.
- Viet Cong: The Viet Cong lacked heavy artillery and airpower, so they relied on hit-and-run tactics and concealed positions to avoid being targeted. They also used anti-aircraft weapons and guerrilla warfare techniques to counter US airpower.
5. Guerrilla Warfare:
- US: Although not their primary tactic, US forces did incorporate some guerrilla warfare techniques, such as small unit operations, covert operations, and psychological warfare, to disrupt Viet Cong activities.
- Viet Cong: The Viet Cong were experts in guerrilla warfare, which involved blending into the civilian population, using hit-and-run tactics, and launching surprise attacks. They also employed political and psychological strategies to gain support from the local population.
6. Tunnel Networks:
- US: US forces encountered extensive tunnel networks built by the Viet Cong, which served as communication routes, storage facilities, hospitals, and defensive positions.
- Viet Cong: The Viet Cong used tunnel systems to move supplies and troops undetected, mount attacks, and evade US search and destroy operations.
It is important to note that the tactics employed by both sides evolved and adapted throughout the course of the Vietnam War. The US and the Viet Cong continually learned from their experiences and adjusted their strategies to gain an advantage in the conflict.