- An: God of the sky and king of the gods
- Enki: God of water, wisdom, and craftsmanship
- Enlil: God of the air, wind, and storms
- Inanna: Goddess of love, fertility, and war
- Utu: God of the sun
- Nanna: God of the moon
- Ereshkigal: Goddess of the underworld
2. Animism: The Sumerians also believed in animism, the belief that all things, both animate and inanimate, have a spirit. This included natural objects such as trees, rocks, and rivers, as well as man-made objects such as tools and weapons.
3. Afterlife: The Sumerians believed in an afterlife, where the dead would continue to live in a shadowy underworld realm called the netherworld. The afterlife was not seen as a place of punishment or reward, but rather as a continuation of life on earth.
4. Kingship: The Sumerians believed that kings were chosen by the gods to rule on their behalf. Kings were seen as intermediaries between the gods and the people, and they were expected to maintain order and justice in the world.
5. Importance of Writing: The Sumerians were the first civilization to develop a writing system, cuneiform. They believed that writing was a gift from the gods, and they used it to record their history, laws, literature, and religious texts.