According to Sigmund Freud, the stages of psychosexual development are:
1. Oral stage (from birth to 18 months): The infant's primary source of pleasure is oral stimulation, such as sucking and biting.
2. Anal stage (from 18 months to 3 years): The child's primary source of pleasure becomes bowel movements and bladder control.
3. Phallic stage (from 3 to 6 years): The child's primary source of pleasure becomes the genitals.
4. Latency period (from 6 years to puberty): During this period, sexual development is relatively dormant.
5. Genital stage (from puberty onward): The individual develops mature sexual interests and is capable of reproduction.
According to Freud, the phallic stage is characterized by the child's discovery of the penis and the pleasure that can be derived from stimulating it. This stage is also marked by the Oedipus complex, in which the boy develops sexual feelings for his mother and aggressive feelings toward his father. The Oedipus complex is eventually resolved when the boy comes to realize that he cannot compete with his father for his mother's love and identifies with his father instead.
The development of moral conscience, on the other hand, is thought to begin in the latency period. During this time, the child begins to internalize the values of their parents and other adults. They develop a sense of right and wrong, and they begin to regulate their behavior in accordance with these values. The development of moral conscience continues into adolescence and early adulthood.