What are Aaron Beck list of the erroneous thinking patterns?

Aaron Beck, a renowned psychiatrist and pioneer in cognitive therapy, identified several common erroneous thinking patterns that contribute to negative emotions and mental health issues. These are often referred to as "cognitive distortions". Here are some of the most common ones:

1. All-or-Nothing Thinking (Black-and-White Thinking): Viewing situations in extreme terms, with no middle ground. For example, "If I don't get a perfect score on this test, I'm a failure."

2. Overgeneralization: Drawing sweeping conclusions based on a single event. For example, "I failed this one test, so I'm going to fail all my classes."

3. Mental Filter: Focusing only on negative aspects of a situation, ignoring the positives. For example, "I got a good grade on the test, but I missed one question, so it's not good enough."

4. Disqualifying the Positive: Dismissing positive experiences or achievements. For example, "I got a promotion, but it wasn't really a big deal, anyone could have done it."

5. Jumping to Conclusions: Making assumptions without sufficient evidence.

* Mind Reading: Assuming you know what others are thinking. For example, "My boss is angry with me because I'm late, even though he didn't say anything."

* Fortune Telling: Predicting the future negatively. For example, "I'm going to fail this presentation."

6. Magnification and Minimization: Exaggerating the importance of negative events while downplaying positive ones. For example, "I made a small mistake in the report, so I'm going to lose my job."

7. Emotional Reasoning: Letting emotions dictate your thoughts and beliefs. For example, "I feel anxious, so I must be in danger."

8. Should Statements: Using rigid rules and expectations that lead to guilt and frustration. For example, "I should be able to do everything perfectly."

9. Labeling: Attaching negative labels to yourself or others. For example, "I'm a loser."

10. Personalization: Blaming yourself for things that are outside your control. For example, "My friend didn't call me back because I did something wrong."

It's important to note that everyone experiences these thinking patterns occasionally. However, when they become frequent and pervasive, they can contribute to anxiety, depression, and other mental health problems. Cognitive therapy aims to help individuals identify and challenge these distortions, replacing them with more balanced and realistic thoughts.