1. Hindustani Classical Music:
- The Sultanate period saw the further development of Hindustani classical music.
- Ragas and talas, the melodic and rhythmic structures, gained prominence.
-Instruments like the sitar, tabla, sarangi, and been were widely used.
2. Sufi Music:
- Sufi music played a significant role in spreading Islamic mysticism.
- Sufi saints and poets like Amir Khusrau, Nizamuddin Auliya, and others used music as a means of spiritual expression.
- Qawwali, a form of devotional singing, became popular during this period.
3. Folk Music and Dance:
- Folk music and dance traditions continued to thrive in various regions of the sultanates.
- Forms like Bhangra, Garba, and Lavani gained prominence in different parts of India.
4. Persian Influence:
- The interaction between Indian and Persian cultures led to the absorption of Persian elements in Indian music and dance.
- Instruments like the santoor and rabab were introduced, enriching the musical landscape.
5. Court patronage:
- Music and dance were highly regarded and generously patronized by the sultans and their courtiers.
- Musicians, dancers, and scholars of music were often part of the royal courts.
6. Music for Social Events:
- Music and dance played an essential role in social events like weddings, festivals, and celebrations.
- Musicians and dancers were invited to perform at such gatherings.
7. Women in Music and Dance:
- While music and dance were predominantly male domains, some women also gained fame as singers and dancers during the Sultanate period.
- However, society had certain restrictions and limitations for women's participation in these arts.
8. Development of Theories:
- Scholars and musicians of the period delved deeply into the theoretical aspects of music and dance.
- Treatises on music and musicology were written, contributing to the intellectual understanding of the arts.
Overall, the music and dance of the Sultanate period showcased a vibrant blend of indigenous traditions and influences from different cultures, reflecting the rich tapestry of the era.