Gumboot dancing was developed as a way for miners to express themselves and cope with the harsh conditions and labor they faced. Performed mainly by male miners, it often incorporated aspects of their work and daily life, such as reenacting the actions of digging, working in confined spaces, and escaping danger.
The dance is primarily recognized for the distinct sound produced by the boots, which are often used as the only instruments during the performance. The dancers wear sturdy rubber boots, often old and worn, and rhythmically slap, hit, or stomp the ground or against each other to create the music and rhythm.
Gumboot dancing is characterized by its strong, energetic movements and often includes acrobatics, tumbling, and stamping in synchronized routines. The steps and movements are inspired by the miners' daily activities and incorporate elements of tap, breakdance, and traditional African dances.
It gained wider popularity during the 1960s and 1970s, especially during political and cultural protests, as it became an expression of resistance, cultural pride, and a means to tell stories and raise awareness about the struggle of miners and other marginalized groups.
Gumboot dancing has since evolved into an important part of South African culture, showcasing the country's artistic heritage and the significance of dance as a form of self-expression and storytelling. It has spread beyond its origins and gained international recognition, with dance groups performing gumboot dances on global stages and competitions.