Alliteration: The repetition of the same initial consonant sound in a series of words, such as "the moon was a ghostly galleon" and "the highwayman came riding."
Assonance: The repetition of the same vowel sound in a series of words, such as "the moon was a ghostly galleon" and "the wind was a torrent of darkness."
Consonance: The repetition of the same consonant sound in a series of words, such as "the highwayman came riding" and "the wind was a torrent of darkness."
Metaphor: A comparison between two things that are not alike, but have something in common, such as "the moon was a ghostly galleon" and "the highwayman came riding like a ghost."
Personification: Giving human qualities to an inanimate object or abstract idea, such as "the wind was a torrent of darkness" and "the moon was a ghostly galleon."
Simile: A comparison between two things that are alike, using the words "like" or "as," such as "the highwayman came riding like a ghost" and "the moon was a ghostly galleon."
These figures of speech help to create a vivid and evocative atmosphere in the poem, and to bring the characters and setting to life.