Salvinia species are characterized by their small, delicate leaves, which are arranged in a two-ranked pattern on the stems. The leaves are usually covered in tiny hairs or scales, and they may be green, yellow, or red in color. The roots are long and slender, and they hang down into the water from the underside of the leaves.
Salvinia plants reproduce by both spores and fragmentation. The spores are produced in small, spherical structures called sporangia, which are located on the undersides of the leaves. The sporangia are released into the water, and the spores germinate and grow into new plants. Fragmentation occurs when the stems of the plants break off and form new plants.
Salvinia species can grow rapidly and form dense mats on the surface of the water. This can block out sunlight and prevent oxygen from getting into the water, which can harm other aquatic plants and animals. Salvinia can also be a nuisance for boaters and swimmers.
Some species of Salvinia are considered to be invasive species in some parts of the world. Invasive species are non-native species that have been introduced to an area and have become a threat to native species and ecosystems. Salvinia molesta, for example, is a native of South America that has been introduced to many other parts of the world, where it has become a major problem.
Salvinia species are also used as ornamental plants in water gardens and aquariums. They are relatively easy to grow and can add beauty and interest to any water feature. However, it is important to be aware of the potential for invasiveness before planting Salvinia in your water garden or aquarium.