The metaphor of the river begins with Douglass's birth:
''Born in the night of slavery's night,
And cradled in oppression's den.''
Here, the ''night of slavery's night'' and ''oppression's den'' symbolize the harsh and oppressive environment of Douglass's early life. The river is born in this darkness, just as Douglass is born into a life of bondage.
As the poem progresses, the river continues to flow, representing Douglass's life and experiences. It encounters obstacles such as ''rocks'' and ''rapids,'' which symbolize the challenges and hardships Douglass faced, including the brutality of slavery, discrimination, and racial prejudice.
Despite these challenges, the river perseveres and grows stronger:
''But stronger still, and broader still,
It sweeps and circles on its way.''
This symbolizes Douglass's resilience and determination to overcome adversity. He emerges as a powerful and influential figure, representing the strength and progress of the African American community.
Finally, the river reaches the ''broader sea,'' which symbolizes Douglass's ultimate success and triumph. He becomes an influential leader, a beacon of hope for his people, and a symbol of the fight for freedom and equality.
The extended metaphor of the river in ''Douglass'' serves to highlight the strength, resilience, and triumph of an extraordinary individual who rose above oppression to become a powerful voice for justice and equality.