1. Allusion: Riordan frequently alludes to Greek and Roman mythology, ancient history, and pop culture in the series. For example, in "The Lightning Thief," Percy and his friends visit the Lotus Hotel and Casino, a reference to the mythical Greek island where travelers forget their troubles and lose track of time.
2. Archetypes: The series features many archetypal characters and situations. For example, Percy embodies the archetype of the "hero's journey," as he embarks on a quest to reclaim the stolen lightning bolt and save the world.
3. Bildungsroman: The Percy Jackson series can be considered a type of Bildungsroman, a novel that traces the psychological and moral growth of a young protagonist. Throughout the series, Percy faces challenges and obstacles that help him mature and develop into a more capable and confident individual.
4. Epic: The series has elements of the epic genre, such as a grand quest, supernatural elements, and the involvement of gods and heroes. Like traditional epics, the Percy Jackson series tells a story of heroism, courage, and the triumph of good over evil.
5. Irony: Riordan often uses irony in the series, such as when Percy, a demigod who is supposed to be able to control water, nearly drowns in the first book. This type of irony creates humor and emphasizes the unpredictable nature of the characters' lives.
6. Metaphor: Riordan uses metaphors throughout the series to convey complex ideas and emotions. For example, the sea is often used as a metaphor for Percy's inner struggles and his journey of self-discovery.
These are just a few examples of the many literary terms that can be found in the Percy Jackson series. Riordan's skillful storytelling and incorporation of diverse literary elements make the series appealing to readers of all ages.